Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common but often overlooked condition that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It begins subtly but can lead to serious oral health problems if left untreated. Understanding the root causes of gum disease is the first step toward preventing it and maintaining a healthy smile.
Plaque Buildup
At the heart of most gum disease is plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. When you eat, especially sugary or starchy foods, the bacteria in plaque produce acids that attack tooth enamel and irritate the gums. If plaque isn’t removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional.
Tartar buildup not only harbors more bacteria but also makes it more difficult to keep teeth clean, leading to increased inflammation and risk of gum infection. This buildup is the foundation for gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease, characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums.
Poor Oral Hygiene Habits
One of the most significant contributors to gum disease is inconsistent or improper oral hygiene. Failing to brush and floss daily allows plaque to accumulate and bacteria to thrive. Not visiting the dentist regularly for cleanings and exams also increases the likelihood that early signs of gum disease will go unnoticed and untreated. Over time, these poor habits create an environment where harmful bacteria can flourish and damage the gum tissue and bone.
Smoking and Tobacco Use
Tobacco use is a major risk factor for gum disease. Smoking weakens your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off gum infections. It also makes it more difficult for your gums to heal once they’ve been damaged. Smokers are not only more likely to develop gum disease but also tend to experience more severe forms of it. Even smokeless tobacco can cause irritation and increase the risk of gum problems.
Hormonal Changes
Certain life stages that involve hormonal fluctuations, such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, can increase gum sensitivity and vulnerability to disease. During these times, the body may have an exaggerated response to the presence of plaque, making it easier for inflammation to occur. Pregnant women, for example, may develop “pregnancy gingivitis,” a condition marked by swollen, bleeding gums. While often temporary, these changes still require attentive care and regular dental checkups.
Medical Conditions and Medications
Gum disease doesn’t exist in isolation. It’s often connected to overall health. Conditions such as diabetes, which affects the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar, can also impact gum health. People with diabetes are at a higher risk for infections, including those in the mouth.
Certain medications can also contribute to gum disease by reducing saliva production. Saliva plays a crucial role in neutralizing acids and washing away food particles and bacteria. When saliva levels drop, the mouth becomes more prone to infection. Other medications may cause gum overgrowth, making it harder to clean the teeth and increasing the risk of plaque buildup.
Genetics and Family History
Sometimes, gum disease runs in families. Genetics can influence how susceptible someone is to developing gum problems, even if they maintain good oral hygiene. If gum disease is common in your family, it’s essential to be extra vigilant about oral care and to communicate this risk to your dentist, who may recommend more frequent cleanings or preventive treatments.
Stress and Lifestyle Factors
Stress can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infection, including in the gums. It can also lead to teeth grinding or clenching, which puts added pressure on the supporting tissues of the teeth. Additionally, a poor diet lacking in essential nutrients can impair the body’s ability to maintain healthy gums.
Treatment for Gum Disease in Monroe, NC
If you have red, swollen, or bleeding gums, Dr. Leonard Hess is here to help. He offers a range of treatment options that could help prevent and even reverse the symptoms of gum disease. Contact his office today to schedule a consultation and learn more about how to care for your gums.